Type 405 (UNS S40500/1.4002)
- 12% chromium steel designed for annealing fabrications after welding
- Can easily be spun, drawn and formed
- It`s a soft and ductile, making it a machinable alloy
- Mechanical properties can be enhanced by soaking at 1800-1850 F
- Used for annealing boxes, partitions, and steam nozzles
Description
Type 405 (UNS S40500/1.4002)
Stainless steel 405 is a corrosion-resistant alloy containing 12% chromium, 85% iron, and 1% each of manganese and silicon. It has a high tensile strength and is commonly used in annealing, especially metal fabrications that are difficult to anneal after welding.
Although oxyacetylene welding is not recommended for stainless steel type 405, it can be welded using shielded fusion or resistance techniques. Electrodes that contain columbium are used in preference to aluminum to control hardening.
Before annealing, 405 stainless steel is soaked at 649-760°C (1200-1400°F) followed by air-cooling. The temperature of the steel can then be increased to 1038-1121°C (1900-2050°F).
Common Names: Grade 405, UNS S40500
Executive Standards:
- AISI 405, ASTM A176, DIN 1.4002, ASME SA240, QQ S763
- ASME SA268, FED QQ-S-763, SAE 51405
Chemical Properties:
The chemical properties of grade 405 stainless steel is presented in terms of its chemical composition as shown below.
| Element | Content (%) |
| Iron, Fe | 85, balanced |
| Chromium, Cr | 11.5 min, 14.5 max |
| Silicon, Si | 1.0 1.0 max |
| Aluminum, Al | 0.1 min, 0.3 max |
| Manganese, Mn | 1.0 max |
| Carbon, C | 0.080 max |
| Nickel, Ni | 0250 max |
| Phosphorous, P | 0.040 max |
| Sulfur, S | 0.030 max |
Mechanical Properties:
The mechanical properties of the annealed grade 405 stainless steel is shown below
| Properties | Measurement | Imperial |
| Tensile strength | 448 MPa | 65000 psi |
| Yield strength (@strain 0.200 %) | 276 MPa | 40000 psi |
| Elongation at break (in 50 mm) | 25.00% | 25.00% |
| Elastic Modulus | 200 GPa | 29007 ksi |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.27 – 0.30 | 0.27 – 0.30 |
Physical Properties:
The physical property of grade 405 steel is shown below.
| Property | Value |
| Density | 0.282 lb/in³ at 68 °F |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion | 9.2 to 20.5 at 212 – 1832 °F |
| Thermal Conductivity | 416 at 200 °F |
| Modulus of Elasticity Tension | 28 x 10 ^6 E |
| Specific Heat | 0.11 at 32 -212 °F |
Key Features:
- Although, it`s not vulnerable to extensive hardening through air cooling
- It is soft and ductile
- Typically contains between 11.5 – 14.5 chromium
Product Forms Available:
Stainless steel type 405 can be spun, drawn, or formed.
Applications:
It is used for functions such as:
- Annealing boxes and steam nozzles
- Quenching racks
- Partitions
- Other fabrications, which cannot be annealed after welding
Possible Alternative Grades:
409 and 409L stainless steel, 430 stainless steel
FAQs
- Is Stainless Steel 405 resistant to corrosion?
Yes, it contains at least 10% chromium which gives it good resistance to corrosion
- Is it resistant to heat?
Unlike other 12% chromium steels, stainless steel 405 was designed without subjection to a great deal of hardening from high temperatures and air-cooling.
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